Text for PALL Analysis – Phones 4 U Girls

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Text for PALL analysis – Drugs and Substance Misuse

Some Useful Connectives

In your essay writing you will need to use a range of connectives to link, develop and explain your ideas. Here are some useful connectives to use in your essay writing:

For adding information

and                                also                            as well as     

moreover                    too                              furthermore   

For sequencing ideas or events

firstly                          secondly                     then

finally                          eventually                  afterwards     

next                             meanwhile                 

whilst                          since     

 To compare

equally                        likewise                       similarly       

as with                         like                                in the same way         

To contrast

whereas                      instead of                    alternatively

otherwise                    unlike                          but        

on the other hand                                          in contrast

 To show cause and effect

because                      so                               therefore

thus                            consequently                    

 To further explain an idea

although                     however                      unless

except                        apart from                   yet

if                                 as long as

 To emphasise

above all                       in particular                 especially

significantly                 indeed                            notably

To give examples

for example                 such as                       for instance

in the case of              as revealed by

Past Paper 2 Section A Exam Questions – Different Cultures and Traditions

Below are some past Paper 2 Section A questions. You will have a choice of two questions but because we have only studied Cluster 2 (other than ‘Island Man’ and ‘Blessing’) you will need to select the question that has a named poem from Cluster 2.

If you’d like to attempt some of these questions I’d be happy to mark your efforts. You might want to plan responses and/or write individual paragraphs rather than a whole essay. Your essay writing will improve with practice and feedback/guidance from me.

1. Compare how a person’s culture is shown to be important in ‘Hurricane Hits England’ (page 18) and in one other poem.
2. How does Sujata Bhatt show that identity is important in ‘from Search For My Tongue’ (page 12)? Compare the methods she uses with the methods another poet uses to show that identity is important in one other poem.
3. Compare the methods the poets use to get across their points of view in ‘Half-Caste’ (page 13) and in one other poem.
4. Compare how imagery is used to present ideas and feelings in ’This Room’ (page 14) and one other poem.
5. Compare the ways the poet presents a particular culture in Not my Business (page 15) with the ways a poet presents a culture or cultures in one other poem.
6. Compare the methods the poets use to explore the connection between people and the places in which they live in Hurricane Hits England (page 18) and one other poem.

Past Duffy/Armitage/Pre-1914 Literature Exam Questions

Your essay writing skills will improve the more you practice. You can use the past questions below to plan answers, write parts of essays (e.g. introductions) and even write whole essays. I will be happy to mark and give you feedback on any extra essays you do independently. It will sometimes be worthwhile writing full essays but planning an answer and writing parts of essays is a really useful exercise.

There are 3 different ways the questions will be structured:

1. You will be given one named poem and you have to pick 3 others (usually one from the other key poet – Duffy or Armitage – and two pre-1914 poems)
2. You will be given two lists from which you pick two poems from each list. This is usually a little bit easier than the above as they’ve done a bit of the work of selecting poems for you.
3. You will be given a question broken up into two halves. These are effective two different questions for which you only have to compare two in each section which is obviously easier to manage. Do not fall into the trap of only answering one question – give half an hour to each section and treat them like two mini-essays.

1) Compare how death or the threat of death is presented in the poems you have studied. Choose two poems from List A and two from List B.

List A                                                                           List B

Havisham (Duffy)                                                   On my first Sonne. (Jonson)

Education for Leisure (Duffy)                          The Laboratory (Browning)

Hitcher (Armitage)                                              The Man He Killed. (Hardy)

November (Armitage) .                                      My Last Duchess. (Browning)

2) Compare how women are presented in four of the poems you have studied. To do this, compare Mother, any distance by Simon Armitage and three other poems, one by Carol Ann Duffy and two from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank. Compare:

              –  the women in the poems

              –  how they are presented

3) Answer both parts (a) and (b).

 (a) Compare how the poets make the reader feel sympathy for the speaker in On my first Sonne by Ben Jonson and the speaker in one poem by Carol Ann Duffy

and then

(b) Compare how the reader is made to feel disturbed by the speaker’s words and actions in one poem by Simon Armitage and one poem from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank.

4) Compare how the poets present attitudes to people in Hitcher by Simon Armitage with one poem by Carol Ann Duffy and two poems from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank. Compare:

              –  what the attitudes to people are

              –  how the poets present these attitudes by the ways they write 

 

P A L L Analysis of Non-Fiction and Media Texts

For Paper 1 Section A you will need to quickly identify and be able to comment on the Purpose, Audience, Language and Layout of the text(s) given.

To help prepare for this part of the exam, I suggest you regularly do a PALL analysis of texts you can get your hands on. The more often you do it, the more comfortable and confident you will be with identifying features and commenting on writers’ intentions.

To do a PALL analysis of any texts, just stick a  media or non-fiction text into the middle of the page and start annotating using the prompts below. I will posts media and non-fiction texts on here so that you can conduct a PALL analysis. I’m more than happy to look at work that you do independently in preparation for the exam.

PALL Analysis (Purpose Audience Language Layout)

Form

(TIP: On the front of the insert you will be told what the texts are and where they come from)

 What type of text is it?

Leaflet/Poster/ Magazine advert/Newspaper article/

 Purpose

 What does the writing aim to do?

Argue/Persuade/Advise/Inform/Explain/Describe/Analyse/Review/

Comment/Instruct?

 Audience

 Who is the text written for?

Teenagers/Women/Men/Pensioners/Parents/People with particular interests

 Language

(TIP: Always explain the effect of choices made. What is the writer’s intention?)

 Consider the formality of the piece.

Formal/Informal

 What’s the mode of address?

1^st person (I)/2^nd person (you)/3^rd person (he/she/they)/personal/ impersonal/detached

 What types of words or phrases are being used?

Technical/scientific/descriptive/informative/factual/emotive/serious/ humorous

 What linguistic devices are being used?

Fact/Opinion/Rhetorical questions/hyperbole (exaggeration)/irony/ anecdote/puns

Layout

(TIP: Always explain the effect of choices made. What is the writer’s intention?)

 How is the text presented?

Headlines/Sub-headings/Slogans/Itallics/Bullet points/Bold text/Photos/

Diagrams/Logos/Colour/Captions/Columns/Boxes/Cartoons/Grids